The Duchy of Carniola (, ) was a State of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1364. A hereditary land of the Habsburg Monarchy, it became a constituent of the Austrian Empire in 1804 and part of the Kingdom of Illyria until 1849. A separate crown land from 1849, it was incorporated into the Cisleithanian territories of Austria-Hungary from 1867 until the state's dissolution in 1918. Its capital was Ljubljana.