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History of Georgia (country)
The
nation
of
Georgia
(
sakartvelo
) was first unified as a kingdom under the
Bagrationi dynasty
by the King
Bagrat III of Georgia
in the 9th to 10th century, arising from a number of predecessor states of ancient kingdoms of
Colchis
and
Iberia
. The
kingdom of Georgia
flourished and reached
its golden age
during the 10th to 12th centuries under King
David IV the Builder
and Queen
Tamar the Great
, and fell to the
Mongol invasion
by 1243, and after a brief reunion under
George V the Brilliant
to the
Timurid Empire
. By 1490, Georgia was fragmented into a number of petty kingdoms and principalities, which throughout the Early Modern period struggled to maintain their autonomy against
Ottoman
and
Persian
domination until Georgia was finally
annexed by the Russian Empire
in 1801, which got nominally confirmed in
1813
. After a brief bid for independence with the
Democratic Republic of Georgia
of 1918–1921, Georgia was part of the
Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
from 1922 to 1936, and then formed the
Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
until the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
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