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International Standard Atmosphere
The
International Standard Atmosphere
(
ISA
) is an
atmospheric model
of how the
pressure
,
temperature
,
density
, and
viscosity
of the
Earth's atmosphere
change over a wide range of
altitudes
or
elevations
. It has been established to provide a common reference for temperature and pressure and consists of tables of values at various altitudes, plus some formulas by which those values were derived. The
International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) publishes the ISA as an
international standard
, ISO 2533:1975. Other
standards organizations
, such as the
International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO) and the
United States Government
, publish extensions or subsets of the same atmospheric model under their own standards-making authority.
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