Polish underground press devoted to
prohibited materials (
sl. , lit. semitransparent blotting paper or, alternatively, , lit. second circulation) has a long history of combatting
censorship of oppressive regimes in
Poland. It existed throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, including: under foreign occupation of the country, as well as, during the totalitarian rule of the pro-Soviet government. Throughout the
Eastern Bloc,
bibula published until the
collapse of communism was known also as
samizdat (
see below).