The Privilegium Maius was a medieval document dated 1358/59, forged at the behest of Duke Rudolf IV of Austria (1358–1365), a scion of the House of Habsburg. It was essentially a modified version of the Privilegium Minus issued by Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa in 1156, which had elevated the former March of Austria to a duchy. The privileges described in the document had great influence on the Austrian political landscape, and created a unique connection between the House of Habsburg and Austria.