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Vivien Thomas
Vivien Theodore Thomas
(August 29, 1910 – November 26, 1985) was an
African-American
surgical technician
who developed the procedures used to treat
blue baby syndrome
in the 1940s. He was the assistant to surgeon
Alfred Blalock
in Blalock's experimental animal laboratory at
Vanderbilt University
in
Nashville, Tennessee
, and later at the
Johns Hopkins University
in
Baltimore, Maryland
. He served as supervisor of the surgical laboratories at Johns Hopkins for 35 years. In 1976 Hopkins awarded him an honorary doctorate and named him an instructor of surgery for the
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
. Without any education past high school, Thomas rose above poverty and
racism
to become a
cardiac surgery
pioneer and a teacher of operative techniques to many of the country's most prominent surgeons.
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