Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive
T or
B cells by pathogen-derived
peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single
antibody or TCR (
T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural
homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or
T cells, it is believed that these "peptide mimic" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (
autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders.