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Phospholipase
A
phospholipase
is an enzyme that hydrolyzes
phospholipids
into
fatty acids
and other
lipophilic
substances. There are four major classes, termed A, B, C and D, distinguished by the type of reaction which they catalyze:
Phospholipase A
Phospholipase A1
- cleaves the SN-1
acyl chain
.
Phospholipase A2
- cleaves the SN-2
acyl chain
, releasing
arachidonic acid
.
Phospholipase B
- cleaves both SN-1 and SN-2
acyl chain
s; this enzyme is also known as a lysophospholipase.
Phospholipase C
- cleaves before the phosphate, releasing
diacylglycerol
and a phosphate-containing head group.
Phospholipase Cs
play a central role in
signal transduction
, releasing the
second messenger
inositol triphosphate
.
Phospholipase D
- cleaves after the phosphate, releasing
phosphatidic acid
and an alcohol.
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