Balasagan (literally meaning "
country of Balas") was a
satrapy of the
Sasanian Empire.
Shapur I's inscription at
Naqsh-e-Rostam describes the satrapy as "extending to the
Caucasus mountains and the Gate of Albania (also known as Gate of the Alans)", but for the most part it was located south of the lower course of the rivers
Kura and the
Aras (Araxes), bordered on the south by
Adurbadagan, and had the
Caspian Sea on its east. Balasagan is also mentioned separately from
Albania as a province of the empire at Shapur's inscription, which indicates that it was its own political entity even though it was subject to Albania. The monarch of Balasagan also gained the title of King under
Ardashir, which would indicate it becoming a vassal.