The
Caliphate of Córdoba (;
trans. Khilāfat Qurṭuba) was a state in
Islamic Iberia ruled by the
Umayyad dynasty along with a part of
North Africa. The state, with the capital in
Córdoba, existed from 929 to 1031. The region was formerly dominated by the Umayyad
Emirate of Córdoba (756–929). The period was characterized by an expansion of trade and culture, and saw the construction of masterpieces of al-Andalus architecture. In January 929,
Abd-ar-Rahman III proclaimed himself
caliph (Arabic: ) of Córdoba in place of his original title,
Emir of Córdoba (Arabic:
'Amīr Qurṭuba).
Abd-ar-Rahman III was a member of the
Umayyad dynasty, which had held the title of
Emir of Córdoba since 756.