The settlement is situated in the Bureya Riverbasin, just north of the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM). A branch line connects Chegdomyn to Novy Urgal on the BAM. It is located in the valley of the Chegdomyn River, near its confluence with the Urgal. Chegdomyn is located about northwest of the krai's administrative center of Khabarovsk.