Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poraminthra Maha Chulalongkorn Phra Chunla Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua , or
Rama V (20 September 1853 – 23 October 1910) was the fifth
monarch of
Siam under the
House of Chakri. He was known to the Siamese of his time as
Phra Phuttha Chao Luang (พระพุทธเจ้าหลวง – The Royal Buddha). His reign was characterized by the modernization of Siam, government and social reforms, and territorial cessions to the
British Empire and
French Indochina. As Siam was threatened by Western expansionism, Chulalongkorn, through his policies and acts, managed to save Siam from being colonized. All his reforms were dedicated to ensuring Siam’s survival in the midst of Western colonialism, so that Chulalongkorn earned the epithet
Phra Piya Maharat (พระปิยมหาราช – The Great Beloved King).