Epiphanius of Salamis (; c. 310–320 – 403) was bishop of
Salamis, Cyprus at the end of the
4th century. He is considered a
saint and a
Church Father by both the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic Churches. He gained a reputation as a strong defender of
orthodoxy. He is best known for composing the
Panarion, a very large
compendium of the
heresies up to his own time, full of quotations that are often the only surviving fragments of suppressed texts. According to
Ernst Kitzinger, he "seems to have been the first cleric to have taken up the matter of Christian religious images as a major issue", and there has been much controversy over how many of the quotations attributed to him by the
Byzantine Iconoclasts were actually by him. Regardless of this he was clearly strongly
against some contemporary uses of images in the church.