EROS may refer to:

• EROS Center, the Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science, the United States national archive of remotely sensed images of the Earth's land surface
• EROS (satellite), Earth Resources Observation Satellite, a series of commercial Israeli Earth observation satellites, designed and manufactured by Israel Aircraft Industries
• Eelam Revolutionary Organisation of Students, a militant Tamil separatist group in Sri Lanka
• Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis
• Event-related optical signal, a brain-scanning signal
• Extremely Reliable Operating System, an operating system developed at the University of Pennsylvania and Johns Hopkins University
• JDT 1650R EROS - aircraft

In Greek mythology, Eros ( or , ; , "Desire") was the Greek god of love. His Roman counterpart was Cupid ("desire"). Some myths make him a primordial god, while in other myths, he is the son of Aphrodite. He was one of the winged love gods, Erotes.