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History of the Republic of India
The
history of the Republic of India
began on 26 January 1950. The country became an independent
nation
within the
British Commonwealth
on 15 August 1947. Concurrently the Muslim-majority northwest and east of
British India
was separated into the
Dominion of Pakistan
, by the
partition of India
. The partition led to a
population transfer
of more than 10 million people between India and Pakistan and the death of about one million people. Nationalist leader
Jawaharlal Nehru
became the first
Prime Minister of India
and
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
became the
Deputy Prime Minister of India
and its
Minister of Home Affairs
. But the most powerful moral leader
Mahatma Gandhi
accepted no office. The new
constitution of 1950
made India a
secular
and a democratic state. It has a Hindu majority, a large Muslim minority, and numerous other religious minorities including Sikhs, Jains and Christians.
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