James Bowdoin II (; August 7, 1726 – November 6, 1790) was an American political and intellectual leader from
Boston,
Massachusetts, during the
American Revolution and the following decade. He initially gained fame and influence as a wealthy merchant. He served in both branches of the
Massachusetts General Court from the 1750s to the 1770s. Although he was initially supportive of the royal governors, he opposed British colonial policy and eventually became an influential advocate of independence. He authored a highly political report on the 1770
Boston Massacre that has been described by historian Francis Walett as one of the most influential pieces of writing that shaped public opinion in the colonies.