The January Uprising (Polish: powstanie styczniowe, Lithuanian: 1863 m. sukilimas, Belarusian: Паўстанне 1863-1864 гадоў) was an uprising in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (present-day Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Latvia, parts of Ukraine, and western Russia) against the Russian Empire. It began on 22 January 1863 and lasted until the last insurgents were captured in 1864.

January Uprising may refer to one of the following:

• the January Uprising in Poland against the Russian Empire
• Kiev Arsenal January Uprising, also known as January rebellion.
• the Spartacist uprising in Germany