The
Kalmyk Khanate was an
Oirat khanate on the
Eurasian steppe. It covered the area called
Kalmykia and the surrounding areas stretching from
Stavropol to
Astrakhan. For over a hundred years the Kalmyk alternately raided the southern borderlands of Russia but also protected southern borders of Russia and engaging in many military expeditions against the Muslim tribes of
Central Asia, the North Caucasus and
Crimea. The Kalmyk conducted many military expeditions against the Crimean Tatars, Ottoman Empire and Kuban Tatars and also waged wars against the Kazakhs, subjugated the Mangyshlak Turkmens, and made multiple expeditions against the highlanders of the North Caucasus. The Khanate was annexed by the
Russian Empire in 1771.