Lesser Poland Province was an administrative division of the  Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1569 until 1793. It comprised the administrative subdivisions of Kraków, Sandomierz, and Lublin, plus the Duchy of Siewierz. The name of the province comes from historic land of Lesser Poland. Polish historian Henryk Wisner in his 2002 book Rzeczpospolita Wazów. Czasy Zygmunta III i Wladyslawa IV writes that it is not known when lands of the Polish Crown were divided into the two provinces:

"Parallel to the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, provinces existed, which should be called Sejm provinces, as they became visible during its sessions; mostly during election of the Marshal of the Sejm, and the royal election. These were Provinces of Lithuania, Greater Poland, and Lesser Poland. First one covered the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the remaining two were artificially made, and it is not known who and in what way created them. We know that the Sejm was not involved in creation of these provinces".