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Louis Néel
Louis Eugène Félix Néel
ForMemRS
(22 November 1904 – 17 November 2000) was a
French
physicist
born in
Lyon
. He studied at the
Lycée du Parc
in
Lyon
and was accepted at the
École Normale Supérieure
in
Paris
. He obtained the degree of Doctor of Science at the
University of Strasbourg
. He was corecipient (with the
Swedish
astrophysicist
Hannes Alfvén
) of the
Nobel Prize
for
Physics
in 1970 for his pioneering studies of the magnetic properties of
solids
. His contributions to
solid state physics
have found numerous useful applications, particularly in the development of improved
computer
memory units. About 1930 he suggested that a new form of magnetic behavior might exist; called
antiferromagnetism
, as opposed to
ferromagnetism
. Above a certain temperature (the
Néel temperature
) this behaviour stops. Néel pointed out (1947) that materials could also exist showing
ferrimagnetism
. Néel has also given an explanation of the weak magnetism of certain rocks, making possible the study of the history of
Earth's magnetic field
.
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