Lystrosaurus (; "shovel lizard") is a genus of Late Permian and Early Triassic Period dicynodont therapsids, which lived around 250 million years ago in what is now Antarctica, India, and South Africa. Four to six species are currently recognized, although from the 1930s to 1970s the number of species was thought to be much higher. One specimen unearthed in Karoo measured 2.5 meters long.