The Maritz Rebellion or the Boer Revolt or the Five Shilling Rebellion or the Afrikaner Rebellion, occurred in South Africa in 1914 at the start of World War I, in which men who supported the recreation of a Boer South African Republic rose up against the government of the Union of South Africa. Many members of the government were themselves former Boers who had fought with the Maritz rebels against the British in the Second Boer War, which had ended twelve years earlier. The rebellion failed, and the ringleaders received heavy fines and terms of imprisonment.