Sheikh Mohammed bin Thani (ca. 1788 – 18 December 1878) ( "Mohammed bin Thani"), Mohammed bin Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir , was the second emir of the whole Qatari Peninsula, following his predecessor, his father, Sheikh Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir. He is known for being the father of Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani, the founder of Qatar and who fended off the Ottoman army in the late 19th century.