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Pompeia was the name of several ancient Roman women of the gens Pompeia.

• Pompeia, was the daughter of Quintus Pompeius consul 141 BC, who married a certain Gaius Sicinius
• Pompeia (sister of Pompeius Strabo), sister of General and Consul Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, who was the father to Pompey
• Pompeia (sister of triumvir Pompey), sister of Pompey and daughter of General and Consul Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo
• Pompeia, the wife of Publius Vatinius, a tribune in 59 BC
• Pompeia (wife of Julius Caesar), the second wife of Julius Caesar
• Pompeia (daughter of Pompey the Great) by his third wife, Mucia Tertia
• Pompeia (daughter of Sextus Pompeius), daughter of political rebel Sextus Pompeius and Scribonia
• Cornelia Pompeia, daughter of consul Lucius Cornelius Cinna by his wife, Pompeia
• Pompeia Macrina, a woman exiled by the Roman Emperor Tiberius in 33 AD
• Pompeia Paulina, wife of Seneca the Younger 
• Pompeia Plotina Claudia Phoebe Piso, the wife of Roman Emperor Trajan
• Pompeia Macrina, one of the mothers-in-law of Roman historian and Senator Pliny the Younger

Pompeia is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 21,375 (2015 est.) in an area of 784 km². The elevation is 597 m. The Human Development Index in 2000 was 0.816.