Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina (; 24 October 1891 – 30 May 1961), nicknamed El Jefe (, The Chief or The Boss), ruled the Dominican Republic from February 1930 until his assassination in May 1961. He served as president from 1930 to 1938 and again from 1942 to 1952, ruling for the rest of the time as an unelected military strongman under figurehead presidents. His 31 years in power, to Dominicans known as the Trujillo Era , are considered one of the bloodiest eras ever in the Americas, as well as a time of a personality cult, when monuments to Trujillo were in abundance. It has been estimated that Trujillo was responsible for the death of more than 50,000 people, including possibly as many as 10,000 in the Parsley Massacre.