Tarnow may refer to:

• Tarnow, Germany, a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
• Tarnów, a town in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, south Poland
• Tarnów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-west Poland
• Tarnów, Lublin Voivodeship, east Poland
• Tarnów, Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland
• Tarnów, Opole Voivodeship, south-west Poland
• Tarnów, Gorzów County in Lubusz Voivodeship, west Poland
• Tarnów, Zary County in Lubusz Voivodeship, west Poland

Tarnów (; ; , ) is a city in southeastern Poland with 115,341 inhabitants (metro area 269,000 inhabitants) as of June 2009. The city has been situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999, but from 1975 to 1998, it was the capital of the Tarnów Voivodeship. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east-west connection from Lviv to Kraków. Also, from Tarnów two additional lines stem - a southwards main line to the Slovak border via Stróze, as well as a minor northwards line to Szczucin (now defunct).