Turner syndrome (
TS) also known as
Ullrich–Turner syndrome,
gonadal dysgenesis, and
45,X, is a condition in which a
female is partly or completely missing an
X chromosome. Signs and symptoms vary among those affected. Often, a short and
webbed neck,
low-set ears, low hairline at the back of the neck,
short stature, and
swollen hands and feet are seen at birth. Typically they are
without menstrual periods, do not develop
breasts, and are
unable to have children.
Heart defects,
diabetes, and
low thyroid hormone occur more frequently. Most people with TS have normal intelligence. Many, however, have troubles with
spatial visualization such as that needed for
mathematics. Vision and hearing problems occur more often.