A
hamadryad (; ) is a
Greek mythological being that lives in
trees. They are a particular type of
dryad, which are a particular type of
nymph. Hamadryads are born bonded to a certain tree. Some believe that hamadryads are the actual tree, while normal
dryads are simply the
entities, or
spirits, of the trees. If the tree died, the hamadryad associated with it died as well. For that reason, dryads and the gods punished any
mortals who harmed trees. The
Deipnosophistae of Athenaeus lists eight hamadryads, the daughters of
Oxylus and Hamadryas:
Their mother, Hamadryas, is immortalized in the name of two genera: that of the
cracker butterfly, and that of the northernmost monkey in
Asia Minor, the
hamadryas baboon. The cracker butterfly is more arboreal than most butterflies, as it commonly camouflages itself on trees. It feeds on sap, rotting fruit and dung. The hamadryas baboon is one of the least arboreal monkeys, but was the most common monkey in
Hellenic lands.