Liquid crystals (LCs) are
matter in a state that has properties between those of conventional
liquid and those of solid
crystal. For instance, a liquid crystal may flow like a liquid, but its
molecules may be oriented in a crystal-like way. There are many different types of liquid-crystal phases, which can be distinguished by their different
optical properties (such as
birefringence). When viewed under a
microscope using a
polarized light source, different liquid crystal phases will appear to have distinct
textures. The contrasting areas in the textures correspond to domains where the liquid-crystal molecules are oriented in different directions. Within a domain, however, the molecules are well ordered. LC materials may not always be in a liquid-crystal phase (just as water may turn into ice or steam).