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Molecular beam
A
molecular beam
is produced by allowing a gas at higher
pressure
to expand through a small
orifice
into a chamber at lower pressure to form a beam of particles (
atoms
,
free radicals
,
molecules
or
ions
) moving at approximately equal
velocities
, with very few
collisions
between the particles. Molecular beam is useful for fabricating
thin films
in
molecular beam epitaxy
and artificial structures such as
quantum wells
,
quantum wires
, and
quantum dots
. Molecular beams have also been applied as
crossed molecular beams
. The molecules in the molecular beam can be manipulated by
electrical fields
and
magnetic fields
. Molecules can be decelerated in a Stark decelerator or in a Zeeman decelerator.
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