Punctuated equilibrium (also called
punctuated equilibria) is a theory in
evolutionary biology which proposes that once
species appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history. This state is called
stasis. When significant evolutionary change occurs, the theory proposes that it is generally restricted to rare and
geologically rapid events of branching speciation called
cladogenesis. Cladogenesis is the process by which a species splits into two distinct species, rather than one species gradually transforming into another. Punctuated equilibrium is commonly contrasted against
phyletic gradualism, the belief that evolution generally occurs uniformly and by the steady and gradual transformation of whole lineages (called
anagenesis). In this view, evolution is seen as generally smooth and continuous.