The
rubble trench foundation, an ancient construction approach popularized by architect
Frank Lloyd Wright, is a type of
foundation that uses loose stone or rubble to minimize the use of
concrete and improve drainage. It is considered more environmentally friendly than other types of foundation because cement manufacturing requires the use of enormous amounts of energy. However, some soil environments are not suitable for this kind of foundation; particularly expansive or poor load-bearing (< 1 ton/sf) soils. A rubble trench foundation with a concrete grade beam is not recommended for earthquake prone areas.