In
optics, a
dispersive prism is a type of
optical prism, usually having the shape of a
geometrical triangular prism. It is the most widely known type of
optical prism, although perhaps not the most common in actual use. Triangular prisms are used to
disperse light, that is, to break light up into its
spectral components (the
colors of the
rainbow). This dispersion occurs because the angle of
refraction is dependent on the
refractive index of a certain material which in turn is slightly dependent on the wavelength of light that is travelling through it. This means that different wavelengths of light will travel at different speeds, and so the light will disperse into the colours of the visible spectrum, with longer wavelengths (red, yellow) being refracted less than shorter wavelengths (violet, blue).