Anti-democratic thought refers to opposition to
democracy. Anti-democratic thought is typically, though not always, associated with
anti-egalitarianism. Important figures associated with anti-democratic thinking include
Martin Heidegger,
Hubert Lagardelle,
Charles Maurras,
Friedrich Nietzsche,
Plato,
Carl Schmitt,
Oswald Spengler, and
Elazar Menachem Shach. A variety of ideologies and political systems have opposed democracy including
absolute monarchy,
aristocracy,
fascism,
Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists (in its absolute form),
theocracy,
free market fundamentalism,
neo-feudalism,
anarcho-capitalism.