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Arrow's theorem
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Arrow's impossibility theorem
In
social choice theory
,
Arrow’s impossibility theorem
, the
General Possibility Theorem
or
Arrow’s paradox
states that, when voters have three or more distinct alternatives (options), no
rank order voting system
can convert the
ranked preferences
of individuals into a community-wide (complete and transitive) ranking while also meeting a pre-specified set of criteria. These pre-specified criteria are called
unrestricted domain
,
non-dictatorship
,
Pareto efficiency
, and
independence of irrelevant alternatives
. The theorem is often cited in discussions of election theory as it is further interpreted by the
Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem
.
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