The
Austrian Littoral (, , , , ) was established as a
crown land (
Kronland) of the
Austrian Empire in 1849. It consisted of three regions: the
Istria peninsula,
Gorizia and Gradisca, and the city of
Trieste. Throughout history, the region had been frequently contested, with parts of it controlled at various times by the
Republic of Venice,
Austria-Hungary,
Italy, and
Yugoslavia among others.