Bahrain Island , also known as
al-Awal Island and formerly as
Bahrein, is the largest island within the archipelago of
Bahrain, and forms the bulk of the country's land mass while hosting the majority of its population. Around most of the Island of Bahrain is a relatively shallow inlet of the
Persian Gulf known as the Gulf of Bahrain. The seabed adjacent to Bahrain is rocky and, mainly off the northern part of the island, covered by extensive coral reefs. Most of the island is low-lying and barren desert. Outcroppings of limestone form low rolling hills, stubby cliffs, and shallow ravines. The limestone is covered by various densities of saline sand, capable of supporting only the hardiest desert vegetation such as chiefly thorn trees and scrubs. A wide fertile strip of land exists along the northern coast on which
date,
almond,
fig, and
pomegranate trees grow. The interior contains an
escarpment that rises to , the highest point on the island, to form the
Mountain of Smoke, named as such due to the mists that often wreathe the summit. Most of the country's
oil wells are situated in the vicinity of the mountain.