The
Bishops' Wars were conflicts, both political and military, which occurred in 1639 and 1640 centred on the nature of the governance of the
Church of Scotland, and the rights and powers of the Crown. They constitute part of a larger political
conflict across Scotland, England and Ireland, and are often considered a prelude to the
English Civil Wars. They were so named due to the central conflict between
Charles I, who favoured an
episcopal system of church government for Scotland (that is, with bishops), and the desire of much of the polity of Scotland for a
presbyterian system of governance (without bishops).