The
Bolivian war of independence began in 1809 with the establishment of
government juntas in
Sucre and
La Paz, after the
Chuquisaca Revolution and
La Paz revolution. These Juntas were defeated shortly after, and the cities fell again under Spanish control. The
May Revolution of 1810 ousted the viceroy in Buenos Aires, which established its own junta. Buenos Aires sent three military campaigns to the Upper Peru, headed by
Juan José Castelli,
Manuel Belgrano and
José Rondeau, but the royalists ultimately prevailed over each one. However, the conflict grew into a
guerrilla war, the
War of the Republiquetas, preventing the royalists from strengthening their presence. After
Simón Bolívar and
Antonio José de Sucre defeated the royalists in northern South America, Sucre led a campaign that defeated the royalists in Upper Peru for good. Bolivian independence was proclaimed on August 6 of 1825.