Afro-Cuban jazz is the earliest form of
Latin jazz. It mixes Afro-Cuban
clave-based rhythms with
jazz harmonies and techniques of improvisation. Afro-Cuban jazz first emerged in the early 1940s with the
Cuban musicians
Mario Bauza and
Frank Grillo "Machito" in the band Machito and his
Afro-Cubans, based in New York City. In 1947 the collaborations of
bebop innovator
Dizzy Gillespie with Cuban percussionist
Chano Pozo brought Afro-Cuban rhythms and instruments, most notably the
tumbadora and the
bongo, into the East Coast jazz scene. Early combinations of jazz with Cuban music, such as Dizzy's and Pozo's "Manteca" and
Charlie Parker's and Machito's "Mangó Mangüé", were commonly referred to as "Cubop", short for Cuban bebop.. During its first decades, the Afro-Cuban jazz movement was stronger in the United States than in
Cuba itself. In the early 1970s, the Orquesta Cubana de Música Moderna and later
Irakere brought Afro-Cuban jazz into the Cuban music scene, influencing new styles such as
songo.