Ductile iron pipe is a
pipe made of ductile iron commonly used for
potable water transmission and distribution. This type of pipe is a direct development of earlier
cast iron pipe, which it has superseded. The
ductile iron used to manufacture the pipe is characterized by the spheroidal or nodular nature of the graphite within the iron. Typically, the pipe is manufactured using
centrifugal casting in metal or resin lined moulds. Protective internal linings and external coatings are often applied to ductile iron pipes to inhibit corrosion: the standard internal lining is
cement mortar and standard external coatings include bonded zinc,
asphalt or
water-based paint. In highly corrosive environments loose
polyethylene sleeving (LPS) to encase the pipe may also be used. Life expectancy of unprotected ductile iron pipes depends on the corrosiveness of soil present and tends to be shorter where soil is highly corrosive. However, a lifespan in excess of 100 years has been estimated for ductile iron pipelines installed using "evolved laying practices", including use of properly installed LPS (polyethylene encasement). Studies of ductile iron pipe's environmental impact have differing findings regarding emissions and energy consumed. Ductile iron pipe manufactured in the
United States has been certified as a sustainable product by the Institute for Market Transformation to Sustainability.