The
Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Kraków (Cracow) with its Territory , more commonly known as either the
Free City of Kraków or
Republic of Kraków (, ), was a
city republic created by the
Congress of Vienna in 1815, which included the city of
Kraków and its surrounding areas. It was controlled by its three neighbours (
Russia,
Prussia, and
Austria). It was a center of agitation for an independent Poland. In 1846, in the aftermath of the unsuccessful
Kraków Uprising, it was annexed by the Austrian Empire. It was a remnant of the
Duchy of Warsaw, which was
partitioned between the three states in 1815. It was an overwhelmingly Polish-speaking city-state; of its population 85% were Catholics, 14% were Jews while other religions comprised less than 1%. The city of Kraków itself had a Jewish population reaching nearly 40%, while the rest were almost exclusively Polish-speaking Catholics.