Giuseppe Mazzini (; 22 June 1805 – 10 March 1872), was an
Italian politician, journalist and activist for the
unification of Italy and spearheaded the Italian revolutionary movement. His efforts helped bring about the independent and unified Italy in place of the several separate states, many dominated by foreign powers, that existed until the 19th century. He also helped define the modern European movement for
popular democracy in a republican state.