In
molecular biology, a
hybridization probe is a fragment of
DNA or
RNA of variable length (usually 100-1000 bases long) which can be radioactively labeled. It can then be used in DNA or RNA samples to detect the presence of
nucleotide sequences (the DNA target) that are
complementary to the sequence in the probe. The probe thereby hybridizes to single-stranded nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) whose base sequence allows probe-target
base pairing due to complementarity between the probe and target. The labeled probe is first
denatured (by heating or under
alkaline conditions such as exposure to
sodium hydroxide) into single stranded DNA (ssDNA) and then hybridized to the target ssDNA (
Southern blotting) or RNA (
Northern blotting) immobilized on a membrane or
in situ.