The
Ishango bone is a
bone tool, dated to the
Upper Paleolithic era. It is a dark brown length of bone, the
fibula of a
baboon, with a sharp piece of
quartz affixed to one end, perhaps for engraving. It was first thought to be a
tally stick, as it has a series of what has been interpreted as
tally marks carved in three columns running the length of the tool. But some scientists have suggested that the groupings of notches indicate a mathematical understanding that goes beyond counting. It has also been suggested that the scratches might have been to create a better grip on the handle or for some other non-mathematical reason.