Kaluga is a
city and the
administrative center of
Kaluga Oblast,
Russia, located on the
Oka River southwest of
Moscow. Population:
History
Kaluga was founded in the mid-14th century as a border fortress on the southwestern borders of the
Grand Duchy of Moscow. It was first mentioned in chronicles in the 14th century as Koluga; the name is from Old Russian
kaluga 'bog, quagmire.' In the Middle Ages, Kaluga was a minor settlement owned by the Princes
Vorotynsky. The
ancestral home of these princes is located southwest from the modern city.