The term
Khedive (
Hidiv) is a title largely equivalent to the
English word
viceroy. It was first used, without official recognition, by
Muhammad Ali Pasha (, General Muhammad Ali of
Kavala), the
governor of Egypt and
Sudan, and vassal of the
Ottoman Empire. The initially self-declared title was officially recognized by the Ottoman government in 1867, and used subsequently by
Ismail Pasha, and his dynastic successors until 1914.