Monte Testaccio (alternatively spelled
Monte Testaceo; also known as
Monte dei cocci) is an artificial
mound in
Rome composed almost entirely of
testae , fragments of broken
amphorae dating from the time of the
Roman Empire, some of which were labelled with
tituli picti. It is one of the largest spoil heaps found anywhere in the ancient world, covering an area of at its base and with a volume of approximately , containing the remains of an estimated 53 million amphorae. It has a circumference of nearly a kilometre (0.6 mi) and stands 35 metres (115 ft) high, though it was probably considerably higher in ancient times. It stands a short distance away from the east bank of the River
Tiber, near the
Horrea Galbae where the state-controlled reserve of olive oil was stored in the late 2nd century AD. The mound later had both religious and military significance.