Nicholas II ( ) ( – 17 July 1918) was the last
Emperor of
Russia,
Grand Duke of Finland, and titular
King of Poland. His official short title was
by the Grace of God, Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias. Like other Russian Emperors he is commonly known by the monarchical title
Tsar (though Russia formally ended the
Tsardom in 1721). He is known as
Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer by the
Russian Orthodox Church and has been referred to as
Saint Nicholas the Martyr.