The
opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway (
L&M) took place on 15 September 1830. Work on the L&M had begun in the 1820s, to connect the major industrial city of
Manchester with the nearest
deep water port at the
Port of Liverpool, away. Although horse-drawn railways already existed elsewhere, and a few industrial sites already used primitive steam locomotives for bulk haulage, the L&M was the first locomotive-hauled railway to connect two major cities, and the first to provide a scheduled passenger service. The opening day was a major public event.
Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, the
Prime Minister, rode on one of the eight inaugural trains, as did many other dignitaries and notable figures of the day. Huge crowds lined the track at
Liverpool to watch the trains depart for Manchester.